Lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries play a crucial role in the development of next-generation electrochemical energy storage technology due to its high energy density and low cost. Research have showed that the outstanding electrochemical performance can be attributed to the strong anchoring effect of Titanium Diboride （TiB2 ）to lithium polysulfides with a favorable surface-passivated chemistry. 

Carbide ultra-high temperature ceramics have high melting point, high strength, high hardness and good chemical stability, and are widely used ultra-high temperature ceramic materials. Currently commonly used carbide ultra-high temperature ceramics mainly include silicon carbide (SiC) , zirconium carbide (ZrC), tantalum carbide (TaC) and hafnium carbide (HfC).

Thermal spraying (hafnium carbide, zirconium carbide, titanium carbide, molybdenum disilicide, hafnium diboride) is a surface strengthening technology, an important part of surface engineering technology,

Modern aircraft such as spacecraft, artificial satellites, rockets, missiles, supersonic aircraft are toward high speed, high altitude, large thrust, long distance, high accuracy and more safe direction development, development, the demand for ultra-high temperature materials is more and more urgent.ZrB2 and HfB2 are the most attractive thermal protective materials, especially HfB2 with a series of unique excellent properties

Lanthanum hexaboride is widely used in the military field and many high-tech fields, such as radar, aerospace, electronics industry, instrumentation , medical equipment, home appliances, metallurgy and other industries.

Hafnium carbide (HfC), zirconium carbide (ZrC) and tantalum carbide (TaC) have higher melting points than their borides, do not undergo any solid phase transformation, have good thermal shock resistance, and still have high strength at high temperatures .